Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction techniques may be applied in selected patients undergoing colorectal surgery for both benign and malignant conditions.

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Indications include:

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• Colorectal malignancy

• Benign colorectal disease (e.g. sigmoid volvulus, inflammatory conditions)

• Selected combined resections (e.g. colorectal and liver metastases)

 

Key NOSES techniques include:

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• Transanal Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction (TA-NOSE)

• Transvaginal Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction (TV-NOSE)

• Vaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (vNOTES)

 

All procedures are performed within established institutional governance frameworks, guided by international expert consensus, careful patient selection, and continuous clinical audit to ensure safety and quality.